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Resources»Pregnancy Nutrition
Guide

Pregnancy Nutrition: The Complete Evidence-Based Guide

Last updated 25 March 2026
This content is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your midwife or GP.
At a glance

The NHS recommends 400 micrograms of folic acid daily until week 12, and 10 micrograms of vitamin D throughout pregnancy. You do not need to eat for two. Certain foods should be avoided.

In this guide

What are the most important nutrients?

Folic acid

Essential for neural tube formation. The NHS recommends 400 micrograms daily from before conception until week 12.

Iron

The WHO recommends 27 milligrams daily. Good sources: red meat, beans, lentils, fortified cereals, dark leafy greens.

Vitamin D

The NHS recommends 10 micrograms (400 IU) throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding.

DHA and omega-3

EFSA recommends 200 milligrams of DHA daily. Oily fish is the best source (limit to two portions per week).

What foods should I avoid?

According to the NHS:

  • Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs
  • Mould-ripened soft cheeses unless cooked
  • Pate (including vegetable)
  • Shark, swordfish, and marlin
  • Liver and liver products

How much caffeine is safe?

Limit to 200 milligrams per day. Instant coffee is about 100 mg per mug, filter coffee about 140 mg, tea about 75 mg.

How much weight should I gain?

ACOG recommends 11.5-16 kg for normal BMI, 7-11.5 kg for overweight, 5-9 kg for BMI 30+.

Do I need to eat for two?

No. Only an extra 200 calories per day in the third trimester. Focus on nutrient density.

Frequently asked questions

What vitamins should I take?

400 micrograms folic acid until week 12 and 10 micrograms vitamin D throughout. Avoid vitamin A supplements.

Can I eat sushi?

Yes, if the fish was previously frozen. Most UK shop sushi has been frozen. Cooked sushi is always safe.

How much water should I drink?

6 to 8 glasses (1.5 to 2 litres) per day.

Is a vegetarian or vegan diet safe?

Yes, with careful planning. Pay attention to iron, B12, calcium, iodine, DHA, and protein.

Sources

  1. NHS Vitamins and Nutrition
  2. NHS Foods to Avoid
  3. WHO Iron Supplementation
  4. ACOG Nutrition During Pregnancy

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